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The report summarized the current status of the demographic, socioeconomic, and health characteristics of the study population. The average number of chronic conditions was 2.8 in participants, of which hypertension (27.5%), diabetes mellitus (24.6%), and depression (3.2%) were the most prevalent, accounting for 74.2% of total chronic diagnoses. However, the results might be quite different from other studies that have a different sample population resulting in different prevalence of chronic diseases. The mean age of 51.9 years and low median income of 862.90 QR show that the majority of participants were elderly with reported comorbidities. We reported that a significant number of participants in the study (37.9%) were using 5 or more medications, indicating the presence of multi-morbidity and polypharmacy. However, the actual number of participants using 5 or more medications was lower than our reported estimate (17.8%). This higher rate of self-reported polypharmacy might be explained by language or literacy barriers that participants in our study might have faced in self-reporting polypharmacy. Reporting problems when using or completing a questionnaire is a known limitation of questionnaires in general, and in previous studies [37].
A total of four different oral and two injectable medications were used by participants that were prescribed by pharmacists. Oral antibiotics (59.3%), anti-hypertensives (52.4%), and analgesics (18.6%) were the most commonly used oral medications. Similarly, bisphosphonates, aromatase inhibitors, selective estrogen receptor modulators, progestogens, and cyclines were the most common among the injectable medications used by participants. A similar study has reported that the most commonly prescribed medications at PHC centers of the capital of Ethiopia included anti-hypertensive, diabetic and cardiac medications [38]. The evidence from previous studies suggested some similarities among countries, however, there were considerable variations among them. The numbers of medications used varied between 4 and 6 among patients with chronic diseases visiting a PHC center in Ethiopia, and it was reported that the proportions of patients on 4 and 5 medication classes significantly increased from 30 to 80% (P < 0.05) being the most frequent classes of medications [39]. d2c66b5586